Refrigerating apparatus



Oct. 28, 1930.

fit Q11 L. L. TORREY REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

Filed March 21, 1924 I 4 Sheets-Sheet REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed March 31, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheei 2 TORREY 1,779,833- 7 Oct. 28, .1930.

L. L. TORREY REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed March 21, 1924 4 Sheets-She et 5 Oct. 28, 1930. L. TORREY 1,779,333

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed March 21, 1924 QSheets-Sheei 4 (3 G I Q s Patented Oct. 28, 1 930 LUCIE-N TOBREY, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Application filed March 21, 1924. Serial No. 700,824.

The invention relates to new and useful improvements in refrigerating machines, and

more particularly to'the constructionof the compressor or pump and the arrangement of the compressor or pump, the operating motor therefor, and the condensing tank.

An object of the invention is to provide a compressor or pump for receiving the refrigerant from the expansion coils and discharging the same into the condensing tank, which compressor or pump has a reciprocating piston operating with practically no clearance, so that all the gas drawn into the compressor cylinder on the suction stroke of the piston is discharged into the condensing tank.-

A further object of the invention is to provide a compressor havin a valve controlled intake port in the head of the cylinder,-which port is centrally disposed in said cylinder head and is so large relative to the diameter of the piston that the gas flows freely into the cylinder following the piston on its -suction stroke with little or no efl'o rtg.

A further object of the invention is to pro vide a compressor of the above character which is provided with two cylinders, wherein their reciprocating pistons are timed one hundred and eighty degrees apart, so that when one piston is on its suction stroke, the other is on its compressionstroke, so that the motor is uniformly loaded during the entire cycle of operation, notwithstanding the fact that little or no effort is required to move the pistons on their suction stroke.

A further object of the invention is to provide a refrigerating unit including a condensing tank, compressor and operating motor, which is so constructed that the compressor and motor may be placed wholly within the condensing tank, and said tank tightly sealed. v

A further object of the invention is to provide a supporting means within said tank for the compressor and motor, which is so constructed. that the motor and compressor can readily be removed from the condensing tank as an assembled unit. f

Another object of the invention is to so con struct said supporting means that neither the motor nor the compressor has any metal to fully disclosed.

metal contact with the tank, and therefore, the apparatus is practically noiseless in its operation. v

Still another object of the invention is to provide an arrangement of parts so that the crank shaft of the compressor runs in oil and TES PATENT oFncE- whereby all the ,moving parts of both the compressor and motor are thoroughly lubricated during the operation of the apparatus.

These and other objects will in part be obvious and will in part be hereinafter more .In the drawings which show b 'way of illustration one embodiment of t e invention Figure 1 is a view partly in side elevation and partly diagrammatic showing the refrigerating apparatus embodying my improvements;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the condensing tank on a plane containing the suction pipe and the discharge pipe; I

"Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view through the condensing tank on 'a plane .at right angles to the sectional plane of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the supporting ring for centering the refrigeratingunit in the condensing tank, and

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the compressor frame and supporting bracket to which the motor is attached. v 1 My improved refrigerating apparatus includes a condensing tank 1 in which is placed both the compressor and the operating motor therefor, as well as the coil through which the circulating cooling water passes. These parts willbe described in detail later. Leading from one side of said condensing tank is a discharge pipe 2 and-from the other side thereof is a suction pipe 3. The pipe 2 is connected to the. receiving end of an expansion coil 4, while the suction pipe 3' is connected to the other end of said coil. Intermediate the coil 4 and the pipe 2 is an expansion valve 5 which may be of any desired construction, but which is preferably constructed similar to that disclosed in my co-pending application Serial No. 478,926, and no further reference is thought necessary to the details of construction of thisexpansion valve in connection with this application. Between the expansion valve 5 and the condensing tank 1 is a union 6 which includes a strainer 6 for taking out all sedi- 5 'ment, dirt, metal'fiakes and the like from the refrigerant so that the expansion valve cannot become clogged thereby. Likewise,between the expansion coil and the tank 1 is a union 7 in the suction pipe which is pro vlded with a similar strainer 7 for keeping all sediment and the like out of the compressor. The expansion coil 4 is shown diagrammatically as embodied in a refrigerator 8. It will be understood, of course, that this coil. may be used in any connection and at any place where it is desired to remove heat, and thus bring about a cooling of substances of any character. The body portion of the condensing tank is preferably madeof'iron and of one integral piece, so that there is no joint between the bottom and the side walls of the.

tank. The tank is closed by a cover 9 which is secured to the body portion by means of bolts 10, 10 passing through flanges on the cover and the body portion. Bet-ween the cover 9 and the flange on the body portion of the tank, is, of course, placed'a suitable gasket for the purpose of making a tight seal between the cover and the tank. It will be understood, of course, that these flanges may be located inside as Well as outside of the tank, if desired, and that any other means may be provided for bringing about a tight sealing contact between the cover and the body portion of the tank, so that when the cover is placed on the tank and secured thereto, the tank is sealed, so that no gas can esca e therefrom. Located in the tank is a coo ing coil 11 which is coiled so as to be parallel with the side wall of the tank and is located close to the side wall of said tank. The upper section 12 of the coil 11 extends out through a suitable opening in the side wall of the tank, and atapered nut 13 formsa tight seal for said pipe so that no possible leakage can occur around said pipe. The lower section 14 of the coil also extends out through a suitable opening, and a tapered nut 15 makes a sealed joint therefor. At the bottom of the tank, a

and preferably placed therein before the coil is secured in the tank, is a supporting fiber baseplate 16 on which the refrigerating unit. rests.

The refrlgera-ting unit consists of a compressor 17 and a motor 18. The compressor 17 includes a suitable frame structure having a supporting base bracket 19 which is adapted to 'be suitable dowel pins or pintles 19 are provided for preventing said base bracket from sliding sidewise on said base plate. The diameter of the base plate is substantially the space are two concentric blocks ,31. Seated seated on the base plate 16, and.

same as the inner diameter of the tank, and therefore, said plate cannot slide sidewise.

It will be noted that there is also arecessed portion 20 in both the base plate and the supporting bracket.- The purpose of this construction is to prevent as far as possible, noise incident to the vibration of the parts during the running of the apparatus. I

As shown in the drawings, the compressor includes two cylinders 21 and 22, placed side 1 by side and cast en bloc with the crank casing and frame of the compressor. Inthe cylinder 21 there is a piston 23, and in the cylinder 22 there is a piston 24. A piston rod 25'connectedto the piston 23 cooperates with an eccentric 26 mounted on a shaft 27. A piston rod 28 is 'pivotally connected 'to the piston 24 and cooperates with an eccentric 29 likewise mounted on the shaft 27 The frame of the compressor is formed with suitable bearings "30, 30 in which the shaft 27 is mounted. The eccentrics 26 and. 29 are spaced from each other and located in said 1n the annular recess formed iii the ad acent faces of the blocks 31, is a spiralgear 32. Said gear is secured to the blocks by means of pins 33 and 34. The pin 33 likewise passes through the eccentric 29, while thepin 34 passes throu hthe eccentric 26. Thus the eccentrics are ocked to the, blocks 31 and the spiral gear 32, so that any rotation of the gear 32 will impart a similar rotation to the eccentrics and thus a reciprocation to the pistons. The blocks are further secured toether and to the eccentrics by ineans of olts 33. It will be noted that the eccentrics are set at one hundred and eighty degrees apart on the shaft 27 so that when one piston is on its suction stroke, the other is on its compression stroke.

The outer ends of the c linders are closed by a cylinder head 35. Skid cylinder head is bolted to the cylinder by means of suitable bolts, one of which is shown at 35 in Fi 2 of the drawings. Said cylinder head is ormed witha chamber 36 which is adapted to receive the refri erant from the expan- I sion coils. The liquid refrigerant passes out 5 through the dischar e pipe 2 to the expansion valve 5. Said Tiquid refrigerant pass ing the valve is gradually evaporated in the ex ansion coils due to the low pressure maintamed therein by the suction of the com- 12 pressor. In changing from aliquid to a gas 1 the refrigerant takes u heat from the refrigerator and this heat comes latent in the vapor. This. vapor is drawn off and compressed and discharged into the condensing tank. I The pipe 3 extends through a suitable T opening in the cover 9 of the tank and is threaded into the opening leading to the chamber 36. The opening 37 in the'cover 9 through which the pipe 3 extends'is smaller 136 at its lower end, and a suitable packing 38 is placed in said opening, after which a jam nut 39 is threaded into the opening. The jam nut is 'fbrmed with a cone-shaped recess which cooperates with a cone-shaped recess at the lower end of the opening 37 to clamp the packing and force it into tight engage- .ment with the pipe, thus sealing the opening to metal contact is' avoided between the pipe and the casing. Thereis a similar opening 40 for the pipe 2 which is provided with a packing 41 and a'clampin'g jam nut 42 for sealing the connection of thispipe with the well known construction. In the upper end of the armature shaft runs the ball bearing 47. This ball bearing at the upper end of the armature shaft is open so that the'refrigcrating gas surrounding the motor has access to the ball bearing. The lubricant, as has already been stated, is' placed in the condensing tank'and the refrigerant becomes saturated with the lubricant which is held in suspension therein. Y This saturated "as coming into contact with the ball hearing will lubricate the contacting surfaces between the balls and the bearings. At the other end of y the casing thereis a ball bearing 46 for the armature shaft. The outer face of the easing adjacent the ball bearing 46 is cut out to form a collecting chamber for the lubricant. The lubricant carried in suspension in the gas will condense on the outer wall of the casing and will collect in said chamber 46". Thereare ports 47 leading from this.

trough-shaped chamber to the balls so that the lubricant will run through the casing and properly lubricate said bearing 46. vThus it is that I am able to provide a motor for operating the compressor which is well lubricated. and requires no atten'tion whatever from the operator. This is of special advantage where'the motor is sealed inside of the condensing tank. In other words, the

lubricating of the motor is automatic, and does not require the opening of the condensing tank to get at themotor for this purpose.

The frame ofthe compressor is provided with a sleeve bearing 49 through which the motor-shaft extends. The shaft 45 is connected to the armature shaft 50 of the motor by means of a coupling sleeve 51. The shaft 45 runs freely in a bearing 52 carried by the sleeve 49. Mounted on the shaft 45-is a worm gear 53 which is adapted to mesh with the spiral gear 32 on the cross shaft 27. Formed on the lower end and as a part of the worm gear 53 is a bearing collar 54. This bearing collar 54 rests on the thrust ball bearing 48 placed in the sleeve 49 and resting on a shoulder adjacent the lower end thereof. Just below the ball bearing 48 is abushing in which the lower end of the shaft runs and which prevents any sidewise movement of the lower end of the shaft.

From the above it will be apparent that the armature shaft rests on this ball bearing 48 and in turn on the end thrust bearing which supports the weight of the armature and holds it in proper running position to the field parts of the motor. It will be noted that this motor is, therefore, mounted on the frame of the compressor and constitutes a unit with the compressor. At the upper end ofthe tank there is a ring member 57 (see Fig. 4) which is provided with lugs 58 through which bolts extend into suitable lugs 59 formed on the upstanding bracket 43. Clamping bolts 60 are threaded through the ring and caused to engage the side walls of the tank, and thus it is that the compressor and motor unit are hcldin upright position and prevented from vibrating during the operation of the apparatus.

Itwill be noted that there are three of these bolts 60, and these bolts center the ring in the cylindrical body portion of the tank. There are two lugs 58, and this makes a very durable connection for the cylinder head. The purpose of this ring is to keep the entire unit centered and prevent lateral movement thereof.' Fiber washers are placed between the lugs 58 and 59 so as to prevent metal to.

metal contact between parts which vibrate. The wires for conducting current to the motor are indicated at 61. These wires pass through a suitable opening in the cover, which opening is considerably larger than the wires and is formed with a shoulder 62 adjacent its lower end. A hard rubber washer 63 is placed in the bottom of said opening, and a hard rubber washer 64 placed above the same. Suitable rubber cement 65 is placed between the washers, and when the nut 66 is turned into this threaded recess, it will force the washers toward each other, and the cement into contact with the sheathing of the wires so as to make ;a gastight oint, and thus prevent any escape of the gases through the opening carrying the electric wires into the tank.

' It will readily be seen that after the cover has been removed from the tankfthe bolts '60 can be loosened and the motor and compressor removed as a unit from the tank. On vthe other hand, the com ressor and motor between either the motor casing or the compressor and the tank, and therefore, the machine will run substantially noiseless.

The rotation of the shaft 45 rotates the worm 53 and this in turn through the spiral gear 32 rotates the eccentrics and reciprocates the pistons.

The cylinder head is provided with a recess directly in line with each cylinder and slightly larger than the diameter of the cylinder. In each recess is located a valve seat plate 67 having ports'68 and a ground tapered valve seat 69. There is a valve 70 for each cylinder adapted to engage the valve seats 69, respectively. Each valve is carried by a stem 71 mounted in a sleeve 71 formed as an extension of the valve plate 67, and the valve is normally held seated by a spring 72.

It willbe noted that the inner face of the I valve 70 is substantially flush with the inner 'head of the cylinder.

face of the head of the cylinder when said valve is closed. The two cylinders are similar in construction so far as these valves are concerned, and also so far as the pistons are concerned, and will be described hereinafter as one. 'The piston has a relatively large opening therethrough, and located in this piston near the upper end is a bronze sleeve 73 which seats against a shoulder formed on the piston. This bronze sleeve is provided with a central guide for the stem'78 of the valve 76. Adjacent the upper end of the opening in the piston is a steel ring which is really the valve seat against which the'valve 76 seats when closed. This valve seat is screwed into the piston and is held from unscrewing therefrom by means of small screws 7 4 (see Fig. 3). A spring 80 surroundingthe guide 79 normally forces the valve against its seat.

It will be noted that the valve 0 ens downwardly and that the outer face 0 the valve, when said valve is seated,'is substantially flush with the outer face of the piston. There are ports 81 leading through the end of the sleeve 73 into the chamber at the inner end of the piston which is in connection with the chamber in the crank casing. The crank casing is formed with openings 82 communicatmg with the condensing tank. It will be noted that the piston operates in its cylinder with substantially no clearance betwe'enthe end of the piston and the inner face of the Also, that the 'valve controlled opening through the head of the cylinder is located centrally of the cylinder head and in line with the piston. The ports in the head are very large so that the gas will fiow into the cylinder on the suction stroke of the piston with little or no fric tion.

As has already been noted, when one piston is on its suction stroke, the other piston is on its compression stroke, and therefore, the two pistons are counterbalanced one by the other, one being under its maximum working effect, while the-other is under its minimum working effect.

-Of course, it will be understood that the crank casing and adjacent frame parts are divided in a suitable manner to permit the assembling of the crank shaft and the parts located in said crank casing, as well as the worm gear for driving the eccentrics operating the piston.

After the parts constructed as above described have been assembled, oil is first placed in the condensing tank, afterwhich the cover is placed on the tank and the tank sealed.

Air is then Wholly exhausted not only from the tank, but from the entire connected parts, including the expansion coil, so that there is no air left in the system. This may be done by the use of a suitable pump. The pumping of the air out of the tank after the lubricating oil has been placed therein, removes not only the air from the oil, but all moisture from the oil. After this has been done, a refrigerant is placed onthe condensing tank. Sulphur dioxide is preferably used. 'A sufficient amount of refrigerant is used to fill the tank up to the line :1:@', or thereabouts, which is just below the outer face of the bearings for the crank shaft. A sufficient amount of oil or lubricant is used to fill the tank up to the top of the crank shaft or to the line y-y, or thereabouts. The oil, of course, will float on the refrigerant.

In the operation of the apparatus, the amount of refrigerant and lubricant used -is such that after the system is in working condition, the surface of the lubricant is at. the point above'stated. The bearing for the crank shaft, the operating worm gear, and practically all of the adjacent parts are submerged in the oil during the running thereof. It will be noted, therefore, that this arrangement of the oil in the condensing tank at the proper level to lubricate the parts running therein, together with the lubricant which is carried in suspension in the refrigerant, which brings the lubricant into contact with all the other moving parts which are not submerged, accomplishes a very eflicient lubrication of the entire apparatus. It may be further noted that to aid in the lubricating of the piston, I have provided the piston with an annular groove 83 which receives the lubricant and carries it up on to the inner surface of the cylinder. The annular groove of the system and the walls of the cylinder.

It is a well known fact that the refrigerant under usual operating conditions, has its own.

natural pressure, and therefore, when the hand valve 85 is open, the liquid refrigerant will pass out through the discharge pipe 2 to the expansion valve 12, and said refrigerant passing through said valve will be expanded into a gas. This expansion valve, of course, is capable of adjustment and will be so set as to allow the gas to expand to a proper point to give the desired temperature. The hand pipe. It

- scribed above in'detail, is so formed that on the suction stroke of the piston, the intake valve is opened between the compressor and the expansion coils, which allows the gas tomove 1nto the cylinder of the compressor. When the piston reaches the inner end of its stroke, thus stopping the flow of gas into' the cylinder, the spring associated with the inlet valve at once closes said inlet valve. On the outward movement of the piston, the gas will be compressed in the cylinder, which will first cause the inlet valve to be pressed tightly against its seat and prevent any possible return of the gas to the system. The compressing of the gas continues until its pressure reaches that of the gas in the condensing tank, after which the outlet valve in the piston head will be forced open and the gas in the cylinder caused to pass through said outlet port in the piston into the crank casing and from the crank casing into the tank.

By my construction, the piston may be given travel with only one-five-thousandth of an inch clearance, and therefore, the gas in the cylinder will be practicall all transcalled particularly ferred to the condensing tank. ttention' is ports in the hea of the cylinder are very large. In fact, they may be made twice the Y size of the discharge ports in the piston. As

a result, on the instro will be drawn from the expansion COIlS into the c linder practically without any effort.-

The lntake valves will at once open in re sponse to the suction of the piston and ermit the gas to pass through into the cy inder.

The valve instantly closes when the piston reaches the inner end of its stroke. By reason of this construction, the compressor is, therefore, very much more eflicient and operates with very muchless 'power,than that type of compressor which depends upon first drawing a vacuum by means of the and through practically the full stroke of the piston before the inlet ports are opened for the gas to enter. At each stroke of the piston, I am able to transfer practically all of the gas drawn into the cylinder by the piston to the fact that the intake e of the piston,- the gas piston into the condensing tank. Or, in other words I have provided a substantially per- 'the gas discharged into the tank by the pump to rush to the outer wallof the tank and the upper portions of the tank which are the coolest places in the condensing tank, and therefore, have the lowest temperature. The

gas condensing about the coils naturally settles to the bottom of the tank, and this completes the cycle of movement of the gas.

It is a well known fact that sulphur dioxide is a fairly good lubricant. It is also well known that lubricating oil will mix to acertain extent with the sulphur dioxide and will be carried along therewith in suspension. As a result, the moving parts of the motorand compressor as well as the walls of the cylinder and all the bearings will be well lubricated.

The oil in the gas will be carried to the ball bearings of the motor also. By using'two cyhnders, I am not only able to balance one piston againstthe other so as to bring about a uniform even running of the parts, but I am also able to get a maximum discharge of gas into the condensing tank with a minimum amount of power. It willibe understood, of

course, that from certain aspectsof the invention where it is desired to construct a very small refrigerating unit, only one cylinder may be used.

It will be noted from the construction which has been described that I am able to make a very large tank and embody. therein a relatively large condensing coil. I have found in actual practice that where a large tank is used, into which the gas is discharged, I am able to take the heat out of the gas and cool the same with the use of a comparatively small amountof cooling water. The cooling efliciency is also further increased by the use of arelatively large coil. Then again, it will connecting parts. This not only preventsany possibility of a leak, but also eliminatesall stufiing boxes leaving *all'of the power available for compressing the gas.

It will also be understood that minor arrangement of the parts may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. as set forth in the appended claims.

Having thus described the invention, what changes in the details of construction and the sulphur dioxide will be collected and directed I claim as new and desire to secure by Leti ters-Patent, is

1. A refrigerating unit comprising a sealed condensing tank for the refrigerant, a compressor located in said tank, a motor in said tank connected to'and operating said compressor, and a cooling coil in said tank surrounding the compressor and motor.

2. A refrigerating unit comprising a sealed condensing tank for the refrigerant, a compre'ssorlocated in said tank, a motor in said tank connected to and operating said compressor, a cooling-coil in said tank surrounding the compressor and motor, said motor and compressor being so constructed that a lubricant carried in suspension in the refrigerant will come into contact with and lubricate the movable parts of the motor andcompressor.

3.. A refrigerating unit comprising a sealed condensing tank adapted to contain sulphur dioxide and lubricating oil, a compressor located in said tank, a motor in said tank connected to said compressor and operating the same, a cooling coil in said tank surrounding the motor and compressor, said motor and compressor'being constructed so as to permit the lubricant carried in suspension in the refrigerant to contact with the movable parts thereof. I

4. Arefrigeratin unit comprising a sealed condensing tank a apted tocontain sulphur dioxide and lubricating oil, a compressor located in said tank, a motor in said tank connected to'said compressor and operating the same, ball hearings in the casing of said compressor for the armature shaft of the motor, said casing having cut away portions forming collecting chambers and ports leading therefrom to the ball bearings, whereby the lubricating oil carried in suspension in. the

to the ball bearings. a

5. A refrigeratingunit comprising a sealed condensing tankfor the refrigerant, said tank including'a. receptacle member-and a flat cover member, a compressor located in said tank, a motor in said tank connected to and operatingsaid compressor, a cooling coil in said tanksurrounding the compressor and motor, said cover having openings through which wires pass to the motor, and means for sealing said openings. v

6. A refrigerating unit comprising a condensing tank, a-cooling coil located in said tank to condense the refrigerant gas therein, 2 removable cover for sealing said tank, a unit compressor and operating motor located in said tank and removably supported as, a unit therein, said supporting means'including a suitable fiber plate on which the compressor and motor are mounted, and devices for maintaining said motor and compressor against lateral and up and down movement including fiber washers whereby all noise incident to the running of the motor and compressor is avoided.

7. A refrigerating unit comprising an integral metal condensing tank, a removable cover having sealed connection therewith, a

cooling coil located in said tank to condense I the re igerant gas therein, a compressor located in said tank, a supporting fiber disk for said compressor, a motor mounted on the compressor and connected thereto for operating the same, a ring located within said tank adjacent to the upper end thereof and having fiber connection with said motor, whereby said motor and compressor are supported in said tank without coming in contact with the metal parts thereof.

8. A refrigerating unit comprising an integral metal condensing tank, a removable cover having a sealed connection therewith,

a cooling coil located in said tank to condense the refrigerant gas therein, a compressor in saidtank, a motor mounted on the compressor. and connected thereto for operating the same, a ring located within said tank adjacent the upper end thereof, bolts for center-- ing and securing said ring to the tank, said ring having lugs adapted to receive bolts threaded into ears on the compressor casing so that said ring holds said compressor and motor in upright position.

9. A refrigerating unit comprising an integral metal condensing tank, a removable cover having sealed connection therewith, a coolin coil located in said tank to condense the re rigerant gas therein, a compressor located in said tank, a supporting fiber disk for said compressor, a motor mounted on the compressor and connected thereto for operating the same, a ring located within said tank adjacent the upper end thereof and having fiber connection with said motor whereby said motor and compressor are supported in said tank without coming in contact with L themetal parts thereof, said cover having openings therethrough for the pipes leading from therefrigerating unit to and from the expansion coils, and packing means for sealing the openings through which said pipes lead, said cover-also having openings therethrough, through which wires lead to the motor, and means for sealing the openings to which the wires lead.

10. A refrigerating apparatus including a condensing tank, a compressor located in said motor being located adjacent the upper .end

of said compressor and supported thereby, and a condensing coil located in said tank and surrounding the compressor and-motor.

11. A refrigerating unit comprising a condcnsing tank having bottom and side walls and a cover hermetically closing the same, a compressor located in said tank, a cooling coil located in said tank close to and parallel with the side wall thereof, and a=motor in said tank connected to and operating said compressor, said motor being located within said cooling coil'so that it is cooled thereby.

12. .A'refrigerating unit comprising a condensing tank having bottom and side walls and a cover hermetically closing the same, a compressor located in said tank and discharging into the same, a low pressure gasreturn conduit passing into said tank and being connected to sald compressor to deliver gas thereto, a cooling coil located in said tank j and surroundingsaid compressor and conduit, and a motor in said tank connected to and operating said compressor, said motor being located within said cooling coil so that itis cooled thereby.

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature.

'LUOIEN L. TORREY. 

